Arthur Harris - World War II Arthur Bomber Harris Biography

Arthur Harris - World War II Arthur Bomber Harris Biography Early Life: The son a British Indian Service administrator, Arthur Travers Harris was born at Cheltenham, England on April 13, 1892. Educated at Allhallows School in Dorset, he was not a stellar student and was encouraged by his parents to seek his fortune in the military or colonies. Electing for the latter, he traveled to Rhodesia in 1908, and became a successful farmer and gold miner. With the outbreak of World War I, he enlisted as a bugler in the 1st Rhodesian Regiment. Briefly seeing service in South Africa and German South-West Africa, Harris departed for England in 1915, and joined the Royal Flying Corps. Flying with the Royal Flying Corps: After completing training, he served on the home front before being transferred to France in 1917. A skilled pilot, Harris quickly became a flight commander and later commander of No. 45 and No. 44 Squadrons. Flying Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutters, and later Sopwith Camels, Harris downed five German aircraft before the end of the war making him an ace. For his accomplishments during the war, he earned the Air Force Cross. At wars end, Harris elected to remain in the newly formed Royal Air Force. Sent abroad, he was posted to various colonial garrisons in India, Mesopotamia, and Persia. Interwar Years: Intrigued by aerial bombing, which he saw as a better alternative to the slaughter of trench warfare, Harris began adapting aircraft and developing tactics while serving abroad. Returning to England in 1924, he was given command of the RAFs first dedicated, postwar, heavy bomber squadron. Working with Sir John Salmond, Harris began training his squadron in night flying and bombing. In 1927, Harris was sent to the Army Staff College. While there he developed a dislike for the Army, though he did become friends with future Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. After graduating in 1929, Harris returned the Middle East as Senior Air Officer in the Middle East Command. Based in Egypt, he further refined his bombing tactics and became increasingly convinced in aerial bombardments ability to win wars. Promoted to Air Commodore in 1937, he was given command of No. 4 (Bomber) Group the following year. Recognized as a gifted officer, Harris was promoted again to Air Vice Marshal and sent to Palestine and Trans-Jordan to command RAF units in the region. With World War II beginning, Harris was brought home to command No. 5 Group in September 1939. World War II: In February 1942, Harris, now an Air Marshal, was placed in command of the RAFs Bomber Command. During the first two years of the war, the RAFs bombers had suffered heavy casualties while being forced to abandon daylight bombing due to German resistance. Flying at night, the effectiveness of their raids was minimal as targets proved difficult, if not impossible, to find. As a result, studies showed that less than one bomb in ten fell within five miles of its intended target. To combat this, Professor Frederick Lindemann, a confidant of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, began advocating area bombing. Approved by Churchill in 1942, the doctrine of area bombing called for raids against urban areas with the goal of destroying housing and displacing German industrial workers. Though controversial, it was approved by the Cabinet as it provided a way to directly attack Germany. The task of implementing of this policy was given to Harris and Bomber Command. Moving forward, Harris was initially hampered by a lack of aircraft and electronic navigation equipment. As a result, early area raids often were inaccurate and ineffective. On May 30/31, Harris launched Operation Millennium against the city of Cologne. To mount this 1,000-bomber raid, Harris was forced scavenge aircraft and crews from training units. Utilizing a new tactic known as the bomber stream, Bomber Command was able to overwhelm the German night air defense system known as the Kammhuber Line. The attack was also facilitated by the use of a new radio navigation system known as GEE. Striking Cologne, the raid started 2,500 fires in the city and established area bombing as a viable concept. A huge propaganda success, it would be some time until Harris was able to mount another 1,000-bomber raid. As Bomber Commands strength grew and new aircraft, such as the Avro Lancaster and the Handley Page Halifax, appeared in large numbers, Harris raids became larger and larger. In July 1943, Bomber Command, working in conjunction with the US Army Air Force, commenced Operation Gomorrah against Hamburg. Bombing around the clock, the Allies leveled over ten square miles of the city. Heartened by the success of his crews, Harris planned a massive assault on Berlin for that fall. Believing that the reduction of Berlin would end the war, Harris opened the Battle of Berlin on the night of November 18, 1943. Over the next four months, Harris launched sixteen mass raids on the German capital. Though large areas of the city were destroyed, Bomber Command lost 1,047 aircraft during the battle and it was generally viewed as a British defeat. With the impending Allied invasion of Normandy, Harris was ordered to switch away from area raids on German cities to more precision strikes on the French railroad network. Angered by what he perceived as a waste of effort, Harris complied though he openly stated that Bomber Command was not designed or equipped for these types of strikes. His complaints proved moot as Bomber Commands raids proved highly effective. With the Allied success in France, Harris was permitted to return to area bombing. Reaching peak efficiency in the winter/spring of 1945, Bomber Command pounded German cities on a routine basis. The most controversial of these raids occurred early in the campaign when aircraft struck Dresden on February 13/14, igniting a firestorm that killed tens of thousands of civilians. With the war winding down, the final Bomber Command raid came on April 25/26, when aircraft destroyed an oil refinery in southern Norway. Postwar In the months after the war, there was some concern in the British government about the amount of destruction and civilian casualties caused by Bomber Command in the conflicts last stages. Despite this, Harris was promoted to Marshal of the Royal Air Force before he retired on September 15, 1945. In the years after the war, Harris stalwartly defended Bomber Commands actions stating that their operations conformed to the rules of the total war started by Germany. The following year, Harris became the first British commander-in-chief to not be made a peer after he refused the honor due to the governments refusal to create a separate campaign medal for his air crews. Always popular with his men, Harris act further cemented the bond. Angered by criticism of Bomber Commands wartime actions, Harris moved to South Africa in 1948, and served as a manager for the South African Marine Corporation until 1953. Returning home, he was forced to accept a baronetcy by Churchill and became the 1st Baronet of Chipping Wycombe. Harris lived in retirement until his death on April 5, 1984. Selected Sources BBC: Sir Arthur Bomber HarrisRAF: Arthur Bomber Harris

Research Paper on Career

Research Paper on Career I begin before the beginning. A paper must be written and research papers always need to be introduced before they really begin. The first few paragraphs exist only to set up the real beginning where all the ideas that must be conveyed exist. The introduction is like the bread that presents the sandwich. Without an introduction this paper would be too messy; the meat of the sandwich would get all over the place. As I look down at all my sociology notes taken throughout the year, I familiarize the topic to myself once again. My mind thinks out-loud: I must write about my future career and the inevitable problems I will face; I must discover some of the unintentional consequences and relate them to what I have learned over the semester. As I ponder this research paper topic, I soon realize that it may be more difficult than I expected. You see, I have no clue what type of sandwich I want; maybe a turkey and cheese, or a BLT, or maybe just a traditional. Im in my second year at UH and h ave still not declared a major nor due I have any idea of an intended major, so how am I going to write a research paper about my future career. I can barely look toward the future within college much less after college. I understand that no one really knows for sure what they will be doing in their future career. If they did end up perfectly in the career they had planned on submitting themselves to, I believe that they were too close-minded. They probably did not consider the twists and the problems that society gave them on their way. The last sentence that I just wrote caused me to realize that maybe I’m missing the idea of the paper. This is not a research paper about my preferred career, and to be more direct, nor do I need to have any knowledge about any specific career. Instead of observing my aspirations and desires for my future, I must observe the possible dilemmas that will be faced. The main idea that I’m trying to express is that I need to be conscious of these dilemmas and prepare how I will come to a decision when faced. It doesn’t matter what career is chosen because every career has its set of problems. It may seem impractical to prepare decisions for dilemmas that I do not yet have knowledge of, and although this is true, it is, if not practical, at least reasonable to prepare my mind. By applying the theories learned throughout the semester I can make ethical decisions when faced with unintended consequences or simply steer clear from them to begin with. How do I determine what types of problems I will need to deal with? Our society is littered with social problems. I believe it is safe to assume that every social problem our society deals with as a whole will exist, or at least represent, the dilemmas that we face in our careers. In the experience of my career, I will coexist with many others to form the society within my career. Some problems within my career’s society will be well known and seem commonplace, and almost habitual, to deal with. The reason this is bad is because these kind of problems have become habitual to deal with. Instead of making thought-out decisions about the problem, ignorance and precedent make the decision for us, leaving the â€Å"decision† maker with no second thoughts about it. Well-known problems that are treated like this will loose their importance and soon create indifference. Other problems within the society of our careers may be more subtle and, not only harder to notice, but harde r to confront. This is difficult because the consequences created by the problem are difficult to fix and usually become accepted as part of how the society works. An idea of fatalistic resignation is formed and the victims of the problem consider it just an unlucky misfortune. This is very ignorant since the way society works runs parallel to how we, as individuals, act. Then again, this ignorance can be traced back to the paradox of society in man and man in society. Most, if not all, of the world’s social problems exist in our careers: race, gender, poverty, education, drug abuse, crime, etc.. The issue of race can be seen as a problem in a number of different views. Racism is one type of problem the existence of race can give to our careers. An individual’s opinion about a certain race cannot be changed, only influenced. Actions that the individual makes while interacting others can only be monitored by force of law and not even effectively without infringing on that individual’s freedom. Therefore, those who are biased toward certain races create a problem in our careers that leads to unfairness. Another view that race can be presented is the issue of a â€Å"pride of race†. A â€Å"pride of race† causes pressure on the individuals of that certain race to live up to its values and expectations. In our careers, an individual may be acting how their race expects them to act rather than making decisions based on their own judgement. The problem can even deepen when those individuals believe that they are using their own judgement and the â€Å"pride of race† has enslaved them into the person they have become. The issue of sex runs practically parallel to the issue of race. An individual’s greed, although not considered a social problem per say, will cause many people to face dilemmas in their careers; dilemmas that cannot be decided by law, but must be ethically decided by the accused. Obviously there are many problems that develop in our careers and not even a paper could get through all of them. Problems occur in so many different ways for many different reasons and others can even be difficult to acknowledge. Now that the existence of problems has been established, I must press on. Problems are expected. It is obvious that the society within your career will have problems. We are people and we have not yet created the perfect system that can run smoothly without flaws. Problems create consequences. As an individual, I must use caution when faced with either a problem or the consequence it has caused. As an example lets say that I’m employed in a career that has been stereotyped as a male profession. One of my co-workers happens to be a woman. I know this women only professionally and have worked with her for a year and a half. She does her job well, maybe even better than I do (as a male). I respect her for her commitment to the company. You can probably see where I’m going with this example. Lets say that my boss is a male and that I have worked under him since I’ve been with the company. I go out to eat with him weekly and even occasionally play golf with him on weekends. I can tell by his comments and actions that he strongly agrees with the stereotype of his company that it’s not traditionally a female position. One day he offers me a higher position and a raise if I would terminate her employment and take over some of her work. Now there are a few issues in this example that needs to be noted. The first, and most obvious, is the issue of sex. Obviously this woman has done nothing to deserve what my boss wants. I well know that my boss just want to get rid of her because she is female, and maybe because it would cost the company less. Another issue is the idea of greed. A career serves an individual the opportunity to move up on the economic ladder. Greed can take over a person and override their normal values. What they have always considered unethical suddenly does not apply. Surely many people get laid off so no one would notice, and once I’ve terminated her, I won’t ever see her again. Once greed takes over, this situation seems trivial. What must be remembered is that she is a person just like I am. It’s not trivial; it’s wrong, and problems like this happen all the time. Situations like this example is why all social problems continue to exist, especially in our careers. Eve n though most problems are much more complex and the issue cannot be this easily identified, the same, most of the time more, ideas apply. Most of the time there is no clear-cut line between what is ethically right and wrong. Our careers may face us with dilemmas that place everyone as a victim and the only way out of the dilemma is to lay the entire burden of the problem onto one individual. Make just one person suffer and the rest survive instead of having everybody slowly suffer from the problem. This highly debatable situation is known as â€Å"life boat† ethics. When a decision cannot be made, a Procrustean view may take its place. This is where the individuals of the society are molded and reformed to fit in with the problems. So far I have bubble-wrapped the instincts of humans. How horrible can people be to each other and what is their reasoning for their actions? In my future career I will come across many â€Å"goal-oriented† people. They may be stopping at nothing and no one to reach it. Although, it may not necessarily be to reach a goal. The means to get to it may be what gives them pleasure and the goal serves more of an excuse for their actions. This creates many problems. It first off directly affects those who are victims of this person’s ruthlessness. Also, this person enjoys the process of reaching their goal but once they have arrived, he or she does not enjoy or even desire to serve the goal’s purpose. This results in the goal being worthless and no one ends up benefitting. Now as a young college student I have high ambitions that are quite innocent from the career world we will soon face. College students all over the campus have dreams of becoming great lawyers or owning their own business or becoming a great sociologist. We want to do what we want and to do it well. We want to take pride in our careers. It is most important for us to hold on to our pre-career ambitions before they had a chance to be corrupted by the many problems that exist. Many people get sucked into the consequences of the career world and loose their old ideas. Yes maybe they are employed at a better position, and yes maybe they have three houses and a Ferrari, or maybe not. If we can’t prepare ourselves for the problems and if we can’t free our minds from the control placed on us we will end up working in â€Å"bad faith†. Our careers will no longer be our ambitions but instead be an obligation.

The Influence Of Hallyu To Image Of Korea As A Tourist Destination And Dissertation

The Influence Of Hallyu To Image Of Korea As A Tourist Destination And Asian Tourists' Decision-Making - Dissertation Example The Korean Gross Domestic Product (GDP), has been appreciably enhanced due in large part to the interest exhibited by other Asian countries of the region in the quality and content of Korean presentations. The bourgeoning industries (television, movie and tourism), have combined to create a groundswell of opportunities for business, and countless opportunities for employment in all sectors. The positive affects extend far beyond the monetary and quality lf life gains. It also opens up for public scrutiny and consumption, the entire Korean culture. Television viewers and tourist, who are in most instances one in the same, are becoming keenly familiar with Korean people. The Korean Ministry of Tourism has taken a lead role in promoting and improving its country’s image in the world market. Additionally the national government has aggressively taken on projects, involving physical development, and international promotion, which promote and showcase Korean culture; Hallyuwood is a giant bold step, which is planned to be a massive (1,000,000 square meter) project with a multi-theme economic approach. There are questions and some debate whether the hallyu wave warrants such a massive outlay of public funds. The debate calls to the prudent mind that hallyu has all the trimmings of a fad, which as they customarily do, if it is only a novel occurrence the public interest will dissipate before the investors can turn the corner. The only project in Asia, which will rival this undertaking, will be Disneyland â€Å"Japan.†Consequently, it will be the only host-nationally owned theme complex in Asia.

Rabies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rabies - Research Paper Example This research paper outlines the rabies disease, its history, signs and symptoms. Rabies was well identified in Europe at some stage in the medieval times, and was in all probability transmitted to the New World, where it became widespread in North America and the West Indies by the eighteenth century and in the early nineteenth century it reached South America as well. Record of the disease in Asia is not well recognized but rabies has been in existence since the early times in China and India. Scientific studies on the disease were started in the year 1803 by Zinke who discovered the transmission of the disease by saliva. Louis Pasteur had developed the view that rabies is a disease of the CNS. Vaccinations were thereby worked on and gradually discovered over time. The time period between the initial infection and the onset of the symptoms usually takes around four to eight weeks or it may be a year at times, depending on the distance between the CNS and the site of infection. The initial symptoms in a rabies disease include fever, headache, fatigue, pain at the place of the wound, and even loss of appetite. Symptoms with respect to the two different forms of rabies have been identified. The symptoms of furious rabies include anxiety and agitation, neck becoming rigid, seizures, tears and saliva overproduced, convulsions, enlarged pupils, unusual understanding of light and temperatures, fear of water, insomnia, partial paralysis, hallucinations, abnormal mental clarity, and confusions.

Fruit content of fruit juice and apple juice content of cider using Dissertation

Fruit content of fruit juice and apple juice content of cider using DNA methodology - Dissertation Example The people want the analytical techniques to be very quick and easy for the identification of the honesty and accuracy of the ingredients. Many modern analytical techniques are used for the analysis of the plant or animal species in the foods. The techniques based on DNA are much common nowadays. The people have lost their hope on chemical analysis as they cannot predict the correct results because of the varying processing methods. DNA is resistant to the food processing method hence this can used for the analysis. Most of the molecular genetic techniques are based on the PCR, pyrosequencing and CAPS (Cleavable Amplifiable polymorphic Sites). Aim of the project: To determine the fruit content of the fruit juice, using the DNA methodologies. Main work packages: The fruit juices are selected and tested for the fruit content based on the value of the juice and to check the level of fraudulent substitution of other fruits in the juice using the DNA methodologies. The high value fruit ju ices are accidentally or fraudulently substituted with the other fruits. This affects the trustworthy of the product in the customers mind. Hence a novel technique that can identify these fraudulent are required for the prevention. (Bauer et al. 2003). Outline of the project: The fruit juices were obtained from the commercial juice producers. The fresh juices were mixed thoroughly by shaking and inverting. (Doyle and Doyle 1987). The fruit juices are then diluted with the ultra pure water. This dilution is done to reduce the percentage of sugar in the juice. The DNA was extracted from the fruit juices using the Standard CTAB DNA extraction method. (Kress et al. 2005). One ml of the sample was suspended in the 5 ml of the CTAB buffer, 100mmTris HCl, 20mM EDTA, 1.4M NaCl and 40Â µl of proteinase K solution. It was vigorously shaked ad stored at 60 degree Celsius overnight. (Doyle and Doyle 1987). The clear supernatant was removed and added with equal volume of chloroform and centrifu ged and the supernatant was collected. Equal volume of isopropanol was added to precipitate DNA. The pelleted DNA was washed with ethanol and dried and stored in the 1X TE buffer. The concentration of the DNA was estimated using suitable methods. The DNA obtained was amplified before moving to the PCR. The amplified product was confirmed with the gel electrophoresis. The design of the primer is an important part of PCR. The primers for the psbA-trnH chloroplast are used for the Taberlet PCR. (Delano and Schmidt 2004). The products can be amplified using the Taberlet PCR and used for further studies. The PCR products were then run in the gel electrophoresis. The DNA fragments were separated in the gel electrophoresis and the gel images are captured in the Gel Doc. The DNA are then separated and extracted from the gel and the restriction enzymes are used for the further analysis. The restriction enzymes are specific for the species. The restriction enzymes that can be used for fruit j uice analysis are Acil, Apol, Dbel, Mbol,Mnll, NlaIII, TaqAl etc., (Taberlet et al. 1991). The Full length of the DNA can be found by aligning the contigs of the sample. Consensus sequences are generated using the Bioinformatics tools. These consensus sequences can then be used for the analysis of PCR-RFLP patterns. The Apol and Dbel are used for the analysis of the six different fruit species such as apple, blueberry, elderberry, grape, pear and pomegranate. If Apol

Background And Development Of Ir In Singapore Tourism Essay

Background And Development Of Ir In Singapore Tourism Essay The implementation of the Garden City movement after 70 years, the rapid development of tourism industry especially integrated resorts in Singapore has become one of countrys economic pillars, and visitors mainly from China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Australia and other countries and regions (Edgar and Taylor, 1996). Tourism in Singapore is a major industry and attracts millions of tourists each year. As for integrated resort (IR) in Singapore, it is a euphemism used because of opposition to casinos (Abbugao, 2010). Currently, there are two large integrated resorts built up and opened to the visitors i.e. Resorts World Sentosa and Marina Bay Sands. Resorts World Sentosa is located at the southern coast of Singapore, and its attractions include a theme park of Universal Studios, Marine Life Park and a casino. It was developed by developed by Genting Singapore since 16 April 2007 and opened to the public in early 2010 (Resorts World Sentosa, 2012). There are many attractions and facilities provided in this integrated resorts including hotels, casino, casual and fine dining, resorts world galleria luxury fashion, shows, salon spa, maritime experiential museum and park. Similar history and development process is for Marina Bay Sands. It was developed by Las Vegas Sands since early 2006 and opened in January 2010. The integrated resort is featured with a convention-exhibition centre of 1,300,000 square foot, a hotel with 2,561 rooms, a shopping mall with 800,000 square foot, two floating crystal pavilions, two large theatres, and the largest atrium casino in the world with 1,600 slot machines and 500 tables (Marina Bay Sands, 2012) . The Singapore Tourism Board (STB) is the key role in the development of integrated resort of this country. What STB tries to do is to conduct a long term strategic planning to promote integrated resorts as a key driver for domestic tourism development and keep in good relationship with both private and public stakeholders. STBs goal is to create exciting and innovative experiences for peoples visitors, in close partnership with the trade industry, thus etching forever in visitors minds an image of Singapore as a unique and compelling destination (STB, 2012). There are three areas of focus of STB i.e. strengthening Singapores position as a leading convention and exhibition city in Asia, developing Singapore as a leading Asian leisure destination, and establishing Singapore as the services centre of Asia (STB, 2012). As for IR development especially its casino business, STB supports its development from planning, design, construction and marketing. For instance, its strategic planning for Sentosa World Resort Casino is to make it a unique gaming centre for Asian tourists. 1.2 The Impacts of IR on Singapores Society The development of IRs in Singapore including Marina Bay Sands and Resorts World Sentosa has great impacts on the local society from many aspects, positive or negative. The majority of these impacts include Political, Economic, Social and Environmental aspects. Political impacts are how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy in tourism industry. In Singapore, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or are provided and those that the government does not want to be provided. As for the impact of integrated resorts, the main political impacts are the political complaints of local residents on the inflow of foreigners which results from the conflicts of business and benefits of local residents and foreigners. This is proven by the political debates held before the built up of these ca sinos in Singapore where a petition that attracted tens of thousands of signatures opposites the decision and the opposition said that the final decision made had overruled consensus. Still, the major impact of the development of integrated resorts is economic impact. It is seen that tourism is a major contribution to Singapore economy. According to the lasted annual report on tourism statistics published by Singapore Tourism Board (STB, 2009), the revenue from tourism is S$ 15.2 billion. More importantly, there are other indirect revenues or GDP generated from the inflow of tourists for these integrated resorts such as the revenues of retailers in Singapore by consumption of foreigners. Also, there is an impact on employee rate with more workers hired by the opening of these two integrated resorts in 2010. In addition, transport in Singapore grows fast recent years exhaustively covers most, if not all public venues in Singapore, which increase convenience for tourists. This includes the well-known Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system (STB, 2010). Last but not least, there are more visitors for other attractions along with these two integrated resorts. Among other thin gs, popularly promoted tourist attractions include the Merlion, the Night Zoo, Orchard Road (shopping area), Chinatown, Little India and its many eating areas (STB, 2010). Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. As English is the dominant one of its four official languages, it is generally easier for tourists to understand when speaking to the local population of the country, however, with the consideration of more foreign visitors especially those from China, there are still many signs in Chinese presented in the attractions. Also, there is much criticism about the casinos in society especially its bad influence on the behaviors of Singaporeans. This is proven by the opposition of social workers in Muslim and Christian communities. They concerned the negative social impact of the casinos for worrying that these activities could increase the risk of problem gambling. Environmental impact is also a concern of the impact of these integrated resorts. Environmental factors include ecological and environmental aspects such as weather, cli mate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer, both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. There are many in the public worry about the impact of World Resort Sentosa for the protection of local natural environment for there are so many tourist inflows especially in the peak season which exceed the environmental capacity of the island and may threaten local environment stability. There are the impacts of the built up of these two integrated resorts that concerned most by local residents. 2. Body 2.1 Reason for IR Development in Ledyard Connecticut PESTEL is a strategic analysis tool that used to help organizations understand the external macro environment that the company face and consider (Richard, 2000). Also, I can be used to help identify the internal reason for developing integrated resort Foxwoods Casino in Ledyard, Connecticut. As for these reasons, they are summarized in the following paragraphs. Figure 1: PESTEL Analysis (Source: Richard, 2000) Political environment means the ruling partys nature, the social systems, governmental policies and guidelines etc. (Flethcher and Cooper, 19996). Generally, the government has the role to intervene the economy not for political stability but also for common benefits for the public. Through the development of casino-based integrated resort, the local government of Ledyard can rebuild local community for it can attract more new visitors and bring new sources of revenues for local residents. More importantly, it is a tool for local authority to compete with other ones nearby from many aspects. As seen from this aspect, the development of Foxwoods Resort Casino is a political decision to grow local strength in US economy and make benefits for local residents. Economic environment includes both macro-and micro-aspects (Nebel and Schaffer, 1992). Macroeconomic environment is related to the size of population, GDP and also the speed of national income growth and so forth. Microeconomic environment concerns with consumer income and other specific factors for business operation. As seen from this aspect, there are many benefits of the development of a hotel based casino in Ledyard. First of all, it is a key for local GDP growth through the consumption generated by travelers and gamblers. Secondly, more employment opportunities can be offered to local residents which are beneficial for the growth of local gross income. Last but not least, it is beneficial for the overall economic growth with the enhancement of transportation and related facilities. Social and cultural environment mainly concerned with the education level of residents, their beliefs, values and so on. Since there are different needs sourcing from various cultural and social backgrounds in different countries, it increases the potential costs for the integrated resorts to diversify its product design and marketing especially the latter one in different regions. Usually, gambling is regarded as a means of recreation, however, there are many concerns that it may lead to some illegal activities such as money laundering. Since Ledyard is equipped with a mature and healthy legal and social environment, the development of such a casino based integrated resorts can be acceptable. Technological means the importance of the development of technology investment and science especially those for IT. IT develops and update very fast, this becomes benefits for Ledyard to adopt new technology to help manage business operation of casinos as well as marketing its services nationally and internationally. Environmental factors concerns with environmental and ecological aspects like weather, and climate change, which can affect certain industries and the development of a service-based on integrated resort is environment friendly as compared with other economic activities. 2.2 Evaluation of Foxwoods Resort Casino The mixed-use concept means that there is a combination of institutional, cultural, residential, industrial or commercial uses of a single building, village, suburban or urban development, and these functions are functionally and physically integrated (Nebel and Schaffer, 1992). As for this case, it refers to an integrated development of a single real estate project. As one of the premier entertainment choices in Ledyard Connecticut, there a variety choice of entertainment and services offered in this destination including six casinos for gambling, hotels with four diamonds, world class spa, restaurants with all tastes, golf of world renowned services, exclusive retailers, convention and meeting space, and state-of-the-art theaters (Foxwoods, 2012). All of these functions integrated provide both business and recreation travllers endless possibilities of experiences. Along with these integrated functions, Foxwoods Resort Casino performs well in business. Although there is no direct da ta released from the official authority of the company, it is easy to see from its financial capacity of 1.5 billion dollars during the past years that it generates a lot of money for its shareholders and is still attractive in financial market. However, like other integrated resorts based on gambling, there criticism about problem gambling activities especially from those residents nearby (Olsen, 1991). According to local reports about Ledyard Town, there are some residents complain that gambling activities have affect some aspect of their lives and especially those young people become more speculative although they admit that there are still positive effects such as the increase in employment and local income. Also, since it is located in a small town as compared to other options such as Gambling integrated resorts in Las Vegas, its attraction is limited especially to those who living at the eastern part of the United States. Thus, as seen from this aspect, there is still a lot of work for Foxwoods Resort Casino to do for its future development and continuously generate incomes and benefits for stakeholders. 3. Conclusion Overall, Foxwoods Resort Casino did well in the past, however, in order to achieve sustainable development, there are still a lot of works to do, which can be summarized in to the following three aspects. First of all, there is a need for this integrated resort to integrate with other tourism and entertainment activities in Ledyard to achieve a combined effect and become even more attractive to potential visitors. As for this aspect, there are experiences that Ledyard can learn from Macau. It is well known that the dramatic increase of number of visitors to Macau is mainly due to the development of the gaming industry in this area. According to the Macau tourism board report, in year 2000, there were only 3 officially opened casinos in Macau because of the historical contract between the government and the casino company. In year 2002, the Macau government ranted the Wynn Resorts, Las Vegas Sands, Galaxy Entertainment Group and MGM Mirage and some other casino operators in Macau. Since then, the number of casinos increased dramatically. And because of the increased number of casinos, Macau is more and more attractive to the tourists whether they are professional gamblers, or they are just tourists who are curious about casinos. That is why the number of visitors to Macau has increase dramatically over the years. However, in recent years, the local government has developed many other options of tourism choices. As for attractions, there are many kinds of choices in Macau from special events to gambling activities, from historic to modern attractions. Table 1 below summarizes a sample of some attractions available in Macau by Jay (2004). It is easy to see that the categories of attractions in Macau include historical, cultural and sporting, natural, special events and built. Also, there are more exact attractions listed in the right column, which are the most famous attractions in Macau in each type that make it attractive to tourists. As for Ledyard, it can integrate the integrated resort casino with its natural beauty to develop more tourism attraction such as its unique glacial geography for the development of a Glacial Park for enhancing its attractions to potential tourists. Table 1: Recent Developments and Prospects of Macaos Tourism Industry (Source: Jay, 2004) In addition, since there are tourists with business purpose such as the needs for business meeting and convention, which is a attraction that should be emphasized and supported by local government of Ledyard and the integrated resort casino. The local government can make the development of integrated resorts sustainable by attracting business visitors to use current facilities like hotels and exhibitions centers are equipped at world-class levels, which make it attractive for more worldwide business activities and services as a gateway for local business men to the world outside. Meeting is a critical part in business operation, or saying in another way, it is an internal need for this kind of business travelers (Pearce and Lee, 2005). Also some organizations need to participate in convention to gain more opportunities to showcase their own products and services. This is also their internal demand. Thus they are push factors. However, good meeting and convention facilities and hospit ality services provide excellent meeting and convention services attract these business operators. The well equipped Foxwoods Resort Casino gives organization more opportunities to learn from others and obtain more international information. All these are external factors that help business operators choose meeting and convention services of the integrated resort and help its future sustainable development. Last but not least, according to Liu (2003), a tourism destination has to maintain its current strengths in order to achieve sustainable development. This is also applicable to Foxwoods Resort Casino and there must be activities conducted to strengths its current brand image and service quality. As for Foxwoods Resort Casino, the main events with comedy stars from TV and film, beloved singers, or Las Vegas style extravaganzas have to be continued every year to build up an event brand of entertainment with new data. These events include ISAACS BAKER and Victory that held every year. These events held usually have loyal participants and will be part of the brand image of Foxwoods and thus makes it attractiveness more sustainable. Also, there should be enhancement of the level of marketing activities with the application of new social media like YouTube, Facebook, Google + and Twitter to get visitors and consumer informed and connected for the built up of a responsible and strong brand image, which is critical for the sustainable development of Foxwoods Resort Casino and other integrated resorts in Ledyard Connecticut.

Blindness and Invisibility in Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison, In

As the story of the† Invisible Man† by Ralph Ellison continues, the reader is able to explicitly see his journey in college. Invisibility as well as blindness is evident in these stories. Through the use of metaphor and vivid details the author once again conveys his message of how invisibility is a major part in his life. Though the stories may seem â€Å"out of place† at first transitioning to the present and past, the style shows how the narrator has learned from his experiences. When the narrator mentions the founder of his school, Mr. Norton, a wealthy and intelligent man, the author praises him as if he were a god. He explains how Mr. Norton’s opening the school affected the entire Negro race in a positive way. Giving them opportunities to better themselves and show they are just as capable as any other. When the author drives Mr. Norton they pass several log cabins, one of which belongs to Jim Trueblood. Jim Trueblood has a bad reputation for committing what many see as a crime. He raped his daughter and enjoyed it. Jim Trueblood is blind in a sense that he doesn’t realize wh...